Outline
- what is amap?
- what is a handshake or handshaking protocol and how it works?
- Full-duplex mode methodology and working
- Half-duplex and TDM operations
- T1 lines
- amap features
Amap ( Application Mapping Tool Scanning )
Amap ( Application Mapping ) is designed to correlate applications that dwell on a host to a precise port or port. Amap equates it to the port (s) and sends packages that will automatically counter in rejoinder.
These packets typically involve a standard attempt by an application to perform a handshake between both hosts. Many network daemons counter only when an attachment is attempted utilizing a relevant handshake (ie SSL). Amap ( Application Mapping ) then composes this acknowledgment on its built-in library and cover.
Now, what is handshaking or handshaking protocol?
What is Handshaking?
Handshaking is the method that builds communication between two networking devices. For instance, when two computers first combine through modems, the handshaking process plots which protocols, speeds, condensation, and error-correction systems will be used during the communication session.
Handshaking is specified at the start of each concourse because typically the modems differ in their merchant, design, or hardware/software configuration. The handshake guarantees that conversation is possible despite these discrepancies.
How Handshaking Process Works
During the handshaking process, both modems send the other a series of control flags and counter to each other’s signals.
Handshaking is also referred to as “flow controller” because the method establishes the spot rules for governing the flow of data between the two devices. Some of the parameters that the modems need to transmit are
- The maximum transmission speed, taking into consideration the speed of both modems and the quality of the transmission
- The length of the line delay to apply echo cancellation
- The communication protocol
Modern modems transmit the control signals in full-duplex mode over the RS-232 interface that connects them to the computers.
Now, what is a full-duplex mode?
Full-Duplex is a mode of transmission in which data is concurrently forwarded and received between stations. Full-duplex communication is twice as fast as half-duplex communication, and typically uses two separate pairs of wires (or two channels for wireless networking) for supporting simultaneous transmission and reception by a host.
An alternative arrangement is to use some multiplexing technique, such as time-division multiplexing (TDM), to interleave transmission and reception on a single channel. This does not produce true full-duplex communication, but to an ordinary user, it might appear to do so if the interleaving process is fast amply.
Now, what is half-duplex communication?
Well, A mode of transmission in which data can be transmitted or received, but cannot be sent and received simultaneously. The easiest example is a walkie-talkie: You have to press a button to talk and release the button to listen. When two people use walkie-talkies to communicate, at any given moment, only one of them can talk while the other listens. If both try to talk concurrently, a collision occurs and neither hears what the other says.
Communication through traditional Ethernet networks is another example of half-duplex communication. When one station on an Ethernet sends, the other stations identify the carrier signal and listen instead of communicating. If two stations transmit signals concurrently, a collision occurs and both stations stop transmitting and wait random intervals of time before retransmitting.
Examples of full-duplex communication include cellular telephone technologies and full-duplex Ethernet. Examples of half-duplex communication are walkie-talkies, CB radios, and standard Ethernet networks. Examples of simplex communication technology include satellite broadcasting and cable TV broadcasting.
Now, moving ahead we have the TDM (time-division multiplexing)?
Time-division multiplexing, or TDM, is a multiplexing approach for dispatching multiple data streams in a single transmission path.
How TDM works?
In time-division multiplexing (TDM), the data from distinct input courses is partitioned into fixed-length portions and then consolidated in a round-robin fashion into a unique output data stream, which can then be dispatched over an individual channel transportation system and demultiplexed at the target location.
The fragments can be created by the multiplexer itself or can be inherent or integrated into the input channel signals, such as fixed-length frames. For example, if input streams A, B, and C are divided into segments.
One fault in this mechanism is that if an information channel does not have anything important to carry for a time, empty segments are inserted into the output stream anyway.
For example, if channel A is not transmitting data, one-third of the output channel is not being used. You can overcome this weakness by using a more sophisticated multiplexing technique called statistical multiplexing.
TDM used in T1 lines
TDM is used in T1 lines to enable them to simultaneously carry 24 data channels by interleaving data into portions of a single 193-bit frame.
For example, bits 1 through 8 represent channel 1, bits 9 through 16 represent channel 2, and so on to bits 185 through 192 for channel 24, plus bit 193 for synchronization. This framing process occurs 8000 times per second, producing a total throughput of 1.544 Mbps.
#Command-line arguments of Amap
Usage:
amap [options] [map-file-name]
Options:
-f — export data into files
-g — output result via GUI
In case of the -f option amap will create five new files (with extensions .all, .module, .file, .subsection, and .section) next to a map file.
#Known problems
- Map files created with the WinAVR toolchain are malformed. Their sub-sections are not sorted by address. Because of this amap will show negative code size in some cases.
Now, Let’s see about RPC Protocol
Remote Procedure Call is a protocol for developing appropriate frameworks. Typically, it authorizes a program on one device to call a subroutine on a different machine without understanding that it is remote.
RPC isn’t a vehicle convention rather, it is a strategy for utilizing existing interchanges includes straightforwardly.
This straightforwardness is one of the ridiculous characteristics of RPC as a device. Since the application programming doesn’t include any communication code, it is self-governing of
- The specific communications equipment and precepts utilized.
- The working framework utilized.
- The calling system is presumed to utilize the necessary correspondences programming.
Lastly will cover up with Amap Features
- Grouping by module, by catalog, by section, and by memory configuration (GCC)
- Searching substrings
- Command-line contentions
- Can be used as a command-line tool, although it is yet a GUI app
- Distributing by caravans
- Outline
- Drag & Drop
- Works on Windows, Linux, and macOS X
- Works with Wine on Linux and macOS X
- Freeware
